| 1 | The windows NT registry has 2 different blocks, where one can occur many
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| 2 | times...
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| 3 |
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| 4 | the "regf"-Block
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| 5 | ================
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| 6 |
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| 7 | "regf" is obviosly the abbreviation for "Registry file". "regf" is the
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| 8 | signature of the header-block which is always 4kb in size, although only
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| 9 | the first 64 bytes seem to be used and a checksum is calculated over
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| 10 | the first 0x200 bytes only!
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| 11 |
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| 12 | Offset Size Contents
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| 13 | 0x00000000 D-Word ID: ASCII-"regf" = 0x66676572
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| 14 | 0x00000004 D-Word ???? //see struct REGF
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| 15 | 0x00000008 D-Word ???? Always the same value as at 0x00000004
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| 16 | 0x0000000C Q-Word last modify date in WinNT date-format
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| 17 | 0x00000014 D-Word 1
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| 18 | 0x00000018 D-Word 3
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| 19 | 0x0000001C D-Word 0
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| 20 | 0x00000020 D-Word 1
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| 21 | 0x00000024 D-Word Offset of 1st key record
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| 22 | 0x00000028 D-Word Size of the data-blocks (Filesize-4kb)
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| 23 | 0x0000002C D-Word 1
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| 24 | 0x000001FC D-Word Sum of all D-Words from 0x00000000 to
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| 25 | 0x000001FB //XOR of all words. Nigel
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| 26 |
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| 27 | I have analyzed more registry files (from multiple machines running
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| 28 | NT 4.0 german version) and could not find an explanation for the values
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| 29 | marked with ???? the rest of the first 4kb page is not important...
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| 30 |
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| 31 | the "hbin"-Block
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| 32 | ================
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| 33 | I dont know what "hbin" stands for, but this block is always a multiple
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| 34 | of 4kb in size.
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| 35 |
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| 36 | Inside these hbin-blocks the different records are placed. The memory-
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| 37 | management looks like a C-compiler heap management to me...
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| 38 |
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| 39 | hbin-Header
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| 40 | ===========
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| 41 | Offset Size Contents
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| 42 | 0x0000 D-Word ID: ASCII-"hbin" = 0x6E696268
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| 43 | 0x0004 D-Word Offset from the 1st hbin-Block
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| 44 | 0x0008 D-Word Offset to the next hbin-Block
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| 45 | 0x001C D-Word Block-size
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| 46 |
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| 47 | The values in 0x0008 and 0x001C should be the same, so I dont know
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| 48 | if they are correct or swapped...
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| 49 |
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| 50 | From offset 0x0020 inside a hbin-block data is stored with the following
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| 51 | format:
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| 52 |
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| 53 | Offset Size Contents
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| 54 | 0x0000 D-Word Data-block size //this size must be a
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| 55 | multiple of 8. Nigel
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| 56 | 0x0004 ???? Data
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| 57 |
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| 58 | If the size field is negative (bit 31 set), the corresponding block
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| 59 | is free and has a size of -blocksize!
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| 60 |
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| 61 | That does not seem to be true. All block lengths seem to be negative!
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| 62 | (Richard Sharpe)
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| 63 |
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| 64 | The data is stored as one record per block. Block size is a multiple
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| 65 | of 4 and the last block reaches the next hbin-block, leaving no room.
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| 66 |
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| 67 | (That also seems incorrect, in that the block size if a multiple of 8.
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| 68 | That is, the block, including the 4 byte header, is always a multiple of
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| 69 | 8 bytes. Richard Sharpe.)
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| 70 |
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| 71 | Records in the hbin-blocks
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| 72 | ==========================
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| 73 |
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| 74 | nk-Record
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| 75 |
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| 76 | The nk-record can be treated as a kombination of tree-record and
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| 77 | key-record of the win 95 registry.
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| 78 |
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| 79 | lf-Record
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| 80 |
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| 81 | The lf-record is the counterpart to the RGKN-record (the
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| 82 | hash-function)
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| 83 |
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| 84 | vk-Record
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| 85 |
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| 86 | The vk-record consists information to a single value.
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| 87 |
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| 88 | sk-Record
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| 89 |
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| 90 | sk (? Security Key ?) is the ACL of the registry.
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| 91 |
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| 92 | Value-Lists
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| 93 |
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| 94 | The value-lists contain information about which values are inside a
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| 95 | sub-key and dont have a header.
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| 96 |
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| 97 | Datas
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| 98 |
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| 99 | The datas of the registry are (like the value-list) stored without a
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| 100 | header.
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| 101 |
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| 102 | All offset-values are relative to the first hbin-block and point to the
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| 103 | block-size field of the record-entry. to get the file offset, you have to add
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| 104 | the header size (4kb) and the size field (4 bytes)...
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| 105 |
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| 106 | the nk-Record
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| 107 | =============
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| 108 | Offset Size Contents
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| 109 | 0x0000 Word ID: ASCII-"nk" = 0x6B6E
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| 110 | 0x0002 Word for the root-key: 0x2C, otherwise 0x20 //key symbolic links 0x10. Nigel
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| 111 | 0x0004 Q-Word write-date/time in windows nt notation
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| 112 | 0x0010 D-Word Offset of Owner/Parent key
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| 113 | 0x0014 D-Word number of sub-Keys
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| 114 | 0x001C D-Word Offset of the sub-key lf-Records
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| 115 | 0x0024 D-Word number of values
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| 116 | 0x0028 D-Word Offset of the Value-List
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| 117 | 0x002C D-Word Offset of the sk-Record
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| 118 |
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| 119 | 0x0030 D-Word Offset of the Class-Name //see NK structure for the use of these fields. Nigel
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| 120 | 0x0044 D-Word Unused (data-trash) //some kind of run time index. Does not appear to be important. Nigel
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| 121 | 0x0048 Word name-length
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| 122 | 0x004A Word class-name length
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| 123 | 0x004C ???? key-name
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| 124 |
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| 125 | the Value-List
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| 126 | ==============
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| 127 | Offset Size Contents
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| 128 | 0x0000 D-Word Offset 1st Value
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| 129 | 0x0004 D-Word Offset 2nd Value
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| 130 | 0x???? D-Word Offset nth Value
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| 131 |
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| 132 | To determine the number of values, you have to look at the owner-nk-record!
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| 133 |
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| 134 | Der vk-Record
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| 135 | =============
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| 136 | Offset Size Contents
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| 137 | 0x0000 Word ID: ASCII-"vk" = 0x6B76
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| 138 | 0x0002 Word name length
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| 139 | 0x0004 D-Word length of the data //if top bit is set when offset contains data. Nigel
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| 140 | 0x0008 D-Word Offset of Data
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| 141 | 0x000C D-Word Type of value
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| 142 | 0x0010 Word Flag
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| 143 | 0x0012 Word Unused (data-trash)
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| 144 | 0x0014 ???? Name
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| 145 |
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| 146 | If bit 0 of the flag-word is set, a name is present, otherwise the value has no name (=default)
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| 147 |
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| 148 | If the data-size is lower 5, the data-offset value is used to store the data itself!
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| 149 |
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| 150 | The data-types
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| 151 | ==============
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| 152 | Wert Beteutung
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| 153 | 0x0001 RegSZ: character string (in UNICODE!)
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| 154 | 0x0002 ExpandSZ: string with "%var%" expanding (UNICODE!)
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| 155 | 0x0003 RegBin: raw-binary value
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| 156 | 0x0004 RegDWord: Dword
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| 157 | 0x0007 RegMultiSZ: multiple strings, seperated with 0
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| 158 | (UNICODE!)
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| 159 |
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| 160 | The "lf"-record
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| 161 | ===============
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| 162 | Offset Size Contents
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| 163 | 0x0000 Word ID: ASCII-"lf" = 0x666C
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| 164 | 0x0002 Word number of keys
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| 165 | 0x0004 ???? Hash-Records
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| 166 |
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| 167 | Hash-Record
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| 168 | ===========
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| 169 | Offset Size Contents
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| 170 | 0x0000 D-Word Offset of corresponding "nk"-Record
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| 171 | 0x0004 D-Word ASCII: the first 4 characters of the key-name, padded with 0-s. Case sensitiv!
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| 172 |
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| 173 | Keep in mind, that the value at 0x0004 is used for checking the data-consistency! If you change the
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| 174 | key-name you have to change the hash-value too!
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| 175 |
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| 176 | //These hashrecords must be sorted low to high within the lf record. Nigel.
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| 177 |
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| 178 | The "sk"-block
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| 179 | ==============
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| 180 | (due to the complexity of the SAM-info, not clear jet)
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| 181 | (This is just a self-relative security descriptor in the data. R Sharpe.)
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| 182 |
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| 183 |
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| 184 | Offset Size Contents
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| 185 | 0x0000 Word ID: ASCII-"sk" = 0x6B73
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| 186 | 0x0002 Word Unused
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| 187 | 0x0004 D-Word Offset of previous "sk"-Record
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| 188 | 0x0008 D-Word Offset of next "sk"-Record
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| 189 | 0x000C D-Word usage-counter
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| 190 | 0x0010 D-Word Size of "sk"-record in bytes
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| 191 | ???? //standard self
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| 192 | relative security desciptor. Nigel
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| 193 | ???? ???? Security and auditing settings...
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| 194 | ????
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| 195 |
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| 196 | The usage counter counts the number of references to this
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| 197 | "sk"-record. You can use one "sk"-record for the entire registry!
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| 198 |
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| 199 | Windows nt date/time format
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| 200 | ===========================
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| 201 | The time-format is a 64-bit integer which is incremented every
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| 202 | 0,0000001 seconds by 1 (I dont know how accurate it really is!)
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| 203 | It starts with 0 at the 1st of january 1601 0:00! All values are
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| 204 | stored in GMT time! The time-zone is important to get the real
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| 205 | time!
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| 206 |
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| 207 | Common values for win95 and win-nt
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| 208 | ==================================
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| 209 | Offset values marking an "end of list", are either 0 or -1 (0xFFFFFFFF).
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| 210 | If a value has no name (length=0, flag(bit 0)=0), it is treated as the
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| 211 | "Default" entry...
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| 212 | If a value has no data (length=0), it is displayed as empty.
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| 213 |
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| 214 | simplyfied win-3.?? registry:
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| 215 | =============================
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| 216 |
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| 217 | +-----------+
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| 218 | | next rec. |---+ +----->+------------+
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| 219 | | first sub | | | | Usage cnt. |
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| 220 | | name | | +-->+------------+ | | length |
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| 221 | | value | | | | next rec. | | | text |------->+-------+
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| 222 | +-----------+ | | | name rec. |--+ +------------+ | xxxxx |
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| 223 | +------------+ | | value rec. |-------->+------------+ +-------+
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| 224 | v | +------------+ | Usage cnt. |
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| 225 | +-----------+ | | length |
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| 226 | | next rec. | | | text |------->+-------+
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| 227 | | first sub |------+ +------------+ | xxxxx |
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| 228 | | name | +-------+
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| 229 | | value |
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| 230 | +-----------+
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| 231 |
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| 232 | Greatly simplyfied structure of the nt-registry:
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| 233 | ================================================
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| 234 |
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| 235 | +---------------------------------------------------------------+
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| 236 | | |
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| 237 | v |
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| 238 | +---------+ +---------->+-----------+ +----->+---------+ |
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| 239 | | "nk" | | | lf-rec. | | | nk-rec. | |
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| 240 | | ID | | | # of keys | | | parent |---+
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| 241 | | Date | | | 1st key |--+ | .... |
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| 242 | | parent | | +-----------+ +---------+
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| 243 | | suk-keys|-----+
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| 244 | | values |--------------------->+----------+
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| 245 | | SK-rec. |---------------+ | 1. value |--> +----------+
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| 246 | | class |--+ | +----------+ | vk-rec. |
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| 247 | +---------+ | | | .... |
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| 248 | v | | data |--> +-------+
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| 249 | +------------+ | +----------+ | xxxxx |
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| 250 | | Class name | | +-------+
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| 251 | +------------+ |
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| 252 | v
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| 253 | +---------+ +---------+
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| 254 | +----->| next sk |--->| Next sk |--+
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| 255 | | +---| prev sk |<---| prev sk | |
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| 256 | | | | .... | | ... | |
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| 257 | | | +---------+ +---------+ |
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| 258 | | | ^ |
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| 259 | | | | |
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| 260 | | +--------------------+ |
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| 261 | +----------------------------------+
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| 262 |
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| 263 | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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| 264 |
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| 265 | Hope this helps.... (Although it was *fun* for me to uncover this things,
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| 266 | it took me several sleepless nights ;)
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| 267 |
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| 268 | B.D.
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